ืžืงืจื™ืื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ืืจืฅ ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ

ื”ื™ื•ื, 17.11.21, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช “ืชื›ืœืก” ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ืืจืฅ ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ “ืื ื” ื”ื™ืคื””. ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืื–ื ื” ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช. ืื ื™ ืžืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ื“ืงื” 49:40. ื”ืื–ื ื” ื ืขื™ืžื”.

https://www.golanradio.com/podcast-1/episode/9865c89d/

ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืืจ-ืฉื‘ืข

ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื—ืจื•ืช “ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืืฉื›ื•ืœ.

ื—ึดื™ืคึผื•ึผืฉื ื”ึทืฆึธึผืคื•ึนืŸ

ืึฒื ึดื™ ืœื•ึนืงึทื—ึทืช ืึถืช ื”ึธืื•ึนื˜ื•ึนื‘ึผื•ึผืก ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืœึดื‘ึฐืึตืจ-ืฉึถืื‘ึทืข, ืึฒื ึดื™ ืขื•ึนื–ึถื‘ึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื, ืึฒื ึดื™ ืขื•ึนืœึธื” ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื›ึฐึผืฉึถืืขื•ึนื“ ื—ื•ึนืฉึถืืšึฐ ื•ึผื‘ึทื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ืžึทืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ืœื”ึดืชึฐื—ึทืžึตื. ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื˜ึถึผื‘ึทืข. ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื—ื•ึนื.
ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึน ื”ึทืžึฐึผื ื•ึนืจึธื” ืขึดื ืžึถืชึถื’ ื”ึทืขึธืžึฐืขึทื ื‘ึฐึผื—ึทื“ึฐืจึดื™, ืฉึถืืขึธื–ึทื‘ึฐืชึดึผื™ ื‘ึทึผื‘ึผื•ึนืงึถืจ ื”ึทืงึฐึผื“ึถื. ื›ึทึผื“ึผื•ึผืจ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืžึดืกึฐืชึผื•ึนื‘ึตื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึธืื•ึนืจ ืžึดืชึฐื—ึทื–ึตึผืง, ืžึฐืชื—ึทืžึตึผื. ืฉึตื‚ื™ืขึธืจ ืจึธืืฉึดืื™ ืฉึฐื‚ื“ึตื” ื—ึดื™ื˜ึธึผื” ืžึดืชึฐื ึทืฉึตึผื‚ื, ืžึฐืกื•ึผื“ึธึผืจ ื•ึฐืงึธืฉึถืื”, ื™ึธื“ึทื™ื™ ื”ึทืกึฐึผื“ื•ึผืงื•ึนืช ืžื•ึผื ึธึผื—ื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื‘ึดึผื˜ึฐื ึดื™, ืึฒื ึดื™ ืฆื•ึนืคึธื” ืžึตื”ึทื—ึทืœึผื•ึนืŸ. ืขึตื“ึธื” ืœึฐื”ึทื“ึฐืœึธืงึทืช ื”ึธืื•ึนืจ, ืึฒื ึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื“ึทืขึทืช ืชึธึผืžึดื™ื“ ืึตื™ืคึนื” ื”ึทืฆึธึผืคื•ึนืŸ.
ื”ึทืžึฐึผืจึฐื—ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืคึฐึผืจื•ึผืฉึดื‚ื™ื ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™. ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึน ื‘ึฐึผืจื•ึนื‘ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืื ึธื” ื‘ึฐึผืฆึธื”ื•ึนื‘. ืžึดืกึฐืคึธึผืจ ืฉึธืื‘ื•ึผืขื•ึนืช ื”ึตื ืคึฐึผืจื•ึผืฉึดื‚ื™ื ื‘ึฐึผื™ึธืจื•ึนืง. ื›ึฐึผืฉึถืื–ึถึผื” ืงื•ึนืจึถื” ืึฒื ึดื™ ื‘ึผื•ึนืœึทืขึทืช ืจื•ึนืง.
ื™ึตืฉื ืจื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช ื—ึทืžึผื•ึนืช, ื—ึฒื–ึธืงื•ึนืช, ื—ื•ึนืœึดื™ื•ึนืช, ื™ึตืฉื ื’ึธืœึฐื’ึถืœื•ึนื ึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผืžึฐึผืจึฐื—ึธื‘ึดื™ื. ืœึดืคึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื ืึถื—ึธื“ ื‘ึผื•ึนื“ึตื“ ืžึดืชึฐื’ึทึผืœึฐื’ึตึผืœ, ื›ึดึผืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืขึธืฃ, ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึน ืึทื™ึธึผื™ืœึธื” ื‘ึผื•ึนื“ึฐื“ึธื”, ื›ึทึผื“ึผื•ึผืจ ื ึดื™ื“ึธึผืฃ, ืžึดืชึฐืจึทื—ึตืง ื‘ึดึผืงึฐืœึดึผื™ืœื•ึผืช ืขึทื“ ืฉึถืื ึถึผืขึฑืœึทื ื‘ึทึผืฆึฐึผืœึธืœึดื™ื. ืœึดืคึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื ื™ึตืฉื ืœึทื”ึฒืงึธื” ืฉึถืืœ ื’ึธืœึฐื’ึถืœื•ึนื ึดื™ื. ื”ึตื ื‘ึทึผืฆึถึผื‘ึทืข ืฉึถืืœ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ื”ึทื™ึฐึผื‘ึตืฉึธืื”, ื—ึถืœึฐืงึธื ืจึทืง ื ื•ึนืœึฐื“ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึตื ื’ึฐึผื“ึตืœึดื™ื ืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื›ึฐึผื“ึตื™ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื‘ึทึผื“ึฐึผืžึธืžึธื” ื”ึทื›ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืฉึธืื”. ืื•ึนืกึฐืคึดื™ื ืงื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื™ึฐื‘ึตืฉึดืื™ื ืœึดื‘ึฐืฉึธืืจึทื, ืžึดืชึฐื—ึทื–ึฐึผืงึดื™ื. ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึน ืžึถืชึถื’ ืขึธืžึฐืขึทื. ื—ึทื.
ื—ึถืœึฐืงึธื ื›ึฐึผื‘ึธืจ ื’ึฐึผื“ื•ึนืœึดื™ื, ืžึดืชึฐื’ึทึผืœึฐื’ึฐึผืœึดื™ื ืœึฐืงึถืฆึถื‘ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท. ื ึดืจึฐืึธื” ืฉึถืื”ึตื ื‘ึผื•ึนืจึฐื—ึดื™ื ืžึตื”ึธืื•ึนืจ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึถื”, ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึธื”ึถื ืžึทื—ึฒืกึถื” ืœึธื ื•ึผื—ึท. ืจึธืฆึดื™ื ืžึทื”ึตืจ ื›ึฐึผื“ึตื™ ืฉึถืื”ึทืฉึถึผืืžึถืฉื ื”ึทืžึดึผืชึฐื’ึทึผืœึธึผื” ืœึนื ืชึดึผืชึฐืคึผื•ึนืก ืื•ึนืชึธื. ื•ึฐื”ึตื ื™ื•ึนื“ึฐืขึดื™ื, ื”ึดื™ื ืœึนื ืชึฐึผื•ึทื•ืชึตึผืจ. ื•ื›ึฐึผื›ึธืœ ืฉึถืื”ึตื ืžึดืชึฐื’ึทึผืœึฐื’ึฐึผืœึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื›ึธึผืšึฐ ื”ึตื ื’ึฐึผื“ึตืœึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ.
ืžึทืžึธึผืฉื ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึน ื›ึทึผื“ึผื•ึผืจ ืฉึถืืœึถื’ ืึดื ื”ึธืื•ึนื˜ื•ึนื‘ึผื•ึผืก ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื ื•ึนืกึตืขึท ื‘ึฐึผืึทื—ึทื“ ื”ึทืงึฐึผื˜ึธื‘ึดื™ื, ืฉึธืื ื™ึธื“ื•ึผืขึท ืขึทื“ ื›ึทึผืžึธึผื” ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช ืžึดืฉึฐืืชึผื•ึนืœึฐืœื•ึนืช. ืขึทื“ ื›ึทึผืžึธึผื” ื”ึธืึฒื•ึดื•ื™ืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจ ืžึทื›ึดึผื™ื. ื›ึทึผื“ึผื•ึผืจ ืฉึถืืœึถื’ ื—ื•ึผื, ืงึทืœึดึผื™ืœ, ืžึฐื—ื•ึนืจึธืจ, ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผื™ ืฉึดืื™ื—ึดื™ื ื™ึฐื‘ึตืฉึดืื™ื ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืฆึถื™ ื‘ึธึผืจ.
ืึฒื ึดื™ ื—ื•ึนืฉึถืืฉึถืืช ืฉึถืืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึตื”ึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื’ึทึผืœึฐื’ึตึผืœ ืœึทื›ึฐึผื‘ึดื™ืฉื ื•ึฐื™ึธืžื•ึผืช. ืจื•ึนืึดื™ื ืžึดื“ึทึผื™ ืคึทึผืขึทื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึทืกึฐืคึทืœึฐื˜ ื”ึธืจื•ึนืชึตื—ึท ืฉืื•ึผืขึธืœ ื“ืจื•ึผืก, ื—ื•ึนื’ึฐืœึธื” ื—ึทืฆื•ึผื™ึธื” ืื•ึน ืื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืœึนื ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืจ ืฉึถืืœ ื–ึตืจ ืงื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื•ึผื–ึฐืจึธื“ึดื™ื ืคึธึผื—ื•ึผืก, ืขึทืœ ื›ึผื‘ึดื™ืฉึตืื™ ื”ึทืžึธึผืงื•ึนื, ื”ึทืฆึธึผืจึดื™ื, ื”ึถื—ึธืžึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึธืึฒืจื•ึผื›ึดึผื™ื, ื”ึทืžึดึผืชึฐืงึธืจึฐืจึดื™ื ืึทื˜ ืึทื˜ ื‘ึทึผืœึตึผื™ืœื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึทืฉึฐืืึดื™ืจึดื™ื ื–ึตื›ึถืจ ืœึทืžึธึผื•ึถื•ืช ื”ึทืžึฐึผื’ึปื•ึธึผื•ืŸ ืฉึถืืึธืกึฐืคื•ึผ, ืœึทื—ื•ึนื ืฉึถืื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึฐึผืฆึธื”ึณืจึทื™ึดื™ื, ืœึฐื ึทื”ึธื’ ืžึฐื ื•ึผืžึฐื ึทื. ืœึทืฉึธึผืืœึธืœ ืฉึถืื—ึธืžึฐืกื•ึผ.
ืžึตืึธื– ืฉึถืื™ึตึผืฉื ืžึทื–ึฐื’ึธืŸ ื‘ึธึผืื•ึนื˜ื•ึนื‘ึผื•ึผืก ืึฒื ึธืฉึดืื™ื ืžึฐืขึดื™ืจึดื™ื ืœึดื™ ื›ึฐึผืฉึถืืึฒื ึดื™ ืคึผื•ึนืชึทื—ึทืช ื—ึทืœึผื•ึนืŸ. ื ื•ึนืชึทืจ ืœึดื™ ืจึทืง ืœึฐื ึทื—ึตืฉื ืขึทื“ ื›ึทึผืžึธึผื” ื—ึทื ื‘ึทึผื—ื•ึผืฅ ื›ึฐึผื‘ึธืจ ืขึทื›ึฐืฉึธืื™ื• ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึทืขึฒืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืžึธื” ื”ึทื—ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฆึธึผืคื•ึผื™ ื‘ึฐึผื”ึถืžึฐืฉึตืืšึฐ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื. ืžึดื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืงึธื•ืจึฐื‘ึฐึผื ื•ึนืชึธื™ื•, ื”ึทื—ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึฐึผื‘ึดื™ืฉึดืื™ื ื‘ึดึผื–ึฐืจึดื™ื–ื•ึผืช, ืจึธืฆึดื™ื ืœึฐืขึตื‘ึถืจ ืฆึตืœ ืžึถืชึทืขึธืชึตืข, ืœึฐืขึตื‘ึถืจ ืคึทื˜ึธื”-ืžื•ึนืจึฐื’ึทื ึธื” ืฉึถืืœ ืžึทื™ึดื ืื•ึน ืึฒืคึดื™ืœึผื•ึผ ืจึทืง ืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืจึฐื˜ึดื™ื‘ื•ึผืช.
ื™ึตืฉื ื’ึธืœึฐื’ึถืœื•ึนื ึดื™ื ืฉึถืืžึฐึผืœึทื•ึดึผื•ื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึธืื•ึนื˜ื•ึนื‘ึผื•ึผืก ืœึฐืื•ึนืจึตืšึฐ ื›ึนึผืœ ื”ึทื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ. ื›ึทึผืœึฐื‘ึตึผื™ ืฉึฐืืžึดื™ืจึธื”. ืึฒื ึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื“ึทืขึทืช, ื”ึตื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐืฆึดื™ื“ึผื•ึน ื’ึทึผื ื‘ึทึผื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื—ึฒื–ึธืจึธื”. ื™ึฐืงึทืคึฐึผืฆื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผืžึดึผื™ืฉืื•ึนืจ ื”ึธืจึธื—ึธื‘, ื”ึทืฆึฐึผื”ึทื‘ึฐื”ึทื‘, ื™ึดืชึธึผืงึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื, ื™ึตืขึธืœึฐืžื•ึผ ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืœึฐืฉึธืืžึทื™ึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืขึดืžึฐืขื•ึผื ืฉึถืืœ ืฉึฐืืงึดื™ืขึธื”, ืฉึถืืœ ืึทื—ึทืจ-ื”ึทืฆึธึผื”ึณืจึทื™ึดื™ื. ื™ึฐื ึทืกึผื•ึผ ืœึดืชึฐืคึผื•ึนืก ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึถึผืืžึถืฉื ืžึฐืžึทื ึถึผื” ื‘ึธึผืจึฐื—ื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผื‘ึผื•ึนืงึถืจ. ื›ึทึผื“ึผื•ึผืจ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื™ึฐืกื•ึนื‘ึตื‘ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื‘ึฐึผื”ึทื“ึฐืจึธื’ึธื” ืœึฐื—ื•ึนืฉึถืืšึฐ. ืื•ึผืœึทื™ ื–ึถื” ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึฐึผื™ื•ึนืงึถืจ, ืื•ึผืœึทื™ ื”ึตื ืžึทืžึฐืฉึดืื™ื›ึดื™ื ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐื’ึทึผืœึฐื’ึตึผืœ ื‘ึฐึผืจื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืœึทึผื™ึฐืœึธื”, ืœึนื ื™ึฐืฉึตืื ึดื™ื ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื. ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ื”ึทืžึดึผืกึฐืชึผื•ึนื‘ึถื‘ึถืช ื‘ึตึผื™ืชึธื.
ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึน ื—ึทื™ึผื•ึนืช ื‘ึทึผืจ ื”ึตื ื™ื•ึนื“ึฐืขึดื™ื ืœึนื ืœึฐื”ึดื™ื›ึธึผื ึตืก ืœึฐืฉึถืื˜ึทื— ื‘ึธึผื ื•ึผื™. ื ึดืจึฐืึดื™ื ืจึทืง ื‘ึดึผืžึฐืงื•ึนืžื•ึนืช ืคึฐึผืชื•ึผื—ึดื™ื. ื›ึทึผืœึฐื‘ึตึผื™ ืœึดื™ื•ึผื•ึผื™. ืจึทืง ื‘ึทึผืžึฐึผืจึฐื—ึธื‘ึดื™ื. ื—ึทื™ึดึผื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืจื•ึผื—ึท ืฉึฐืืจึธื‘ึดื™ืช, ื‘ึทึผื—ึทืžึฐืกึดื™ืŸ. ืžึฐืกึทื™ึฐึผื™ืžึดื™ื ืœึดืคึฐื ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผื•ึนืงึถืจ ืฉึฐื‚ืจื•ึผืขึดื™ื ื‘ึดึผื›ึฐื‘ึดื™ืฉึดืื™ื ืึฒืจื•ึผื›ึดึผื™ื ืœึฐืœึนื ืฉืื•ึผืœึทื™ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึดืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืœึฐืœึนื ืชึทึผืžึฐืจื•ึผืจึดื™ื.
ืจื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช ืฉึธืืจึธื‘ ืขึทื–ึผื•ึนืช. ืขึฒื–ื•ึผื‘ื•ึนืช.
ื›ึฐึผืœึธื‘ึดื™ื ืฉึถืืœ ืฉึถึผืืžึถืฉื, ืงึฐืฉืื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืึตืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึดึผืจึฐืฆื•ึผืขื•ึนืช ืœึนื ื ึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช, ืงึทื•ึตึผื•ื™ ืื•ึนืจึตืšึฐ ืฉึถืืœึธึผื”ึผ. ืžื•ึนืฉึฐืื›ึดื™ื ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื›ึฐึผื“ึตื™ ืฉึถืืชึดึผืžึฐืฉืื•ึนืšึฐ ืึถืช ืžึฐื—ื•ึนื’ึตื™ ื”ึทื–ึฐึผืžึทืŸ ืฉึถืืœึนึผื ืขื•ึนื‘ึตืจ ื‘ึทึผืฉึธึผืืจึธื‘, ืจึธืฆึดื™ื ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ ืื•ึน ืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึฐึผืžึทืขึฐื’ึธึผืœึดื™ื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึดืชึฐืขึทื™ึฐึผื™ืคึดื™ื, ืžื•ึผื›ึตึผื™ ืึธื‘ึธืง ืื•ึน ืจึธืขึทื‘. ื›ึฐึผืœึธื‘ึดื™ื ืขึฒื’ื•ึผืœึดึผื™ื ื—ึทืกึฐืจึตื™ ื–ึธื ึธื‘.
ื’ึธืœึฐื’ึถืœื•ึนื ึดื™ื ื›ึทึผืœึฐื‘ึตึผื™ ืฉึถืืžึถืฉื ื—ื•ึผืžึดื™ื. ืฉืื•ึนืžึฐืจึตื™ ืื•ึนื˜ื•ึนื‘ึผื•ึผืกึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผืžึฐึผืจึฐื—ึธื‘ึดื™ื. ื—ึทื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื™ึทืœึฐื“ื•ึผืช ื“ึผื•ึนืžึฐืžึดื™ื, ืงึฐืœึดึผื™ืœึดื™ื, ืฉึดืื™ื—ึดื™ึดื™ื, ืงื•ึนืฆึธื ึดื™ึดึผื™ื, ืฉึถืื’ึธึผื“ึฐืœื•ึผ ืขึดื ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ื•ึฐืขึดื ื”ึทืฉึธึผืื ึดื™ื, ืขึธื–ึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึธึผืงื•ึนื, ื“ึดึผืžึฐื™ึฐื™ื ื•ึผ ืฆึธืคื•ึนืŸ, ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนื ึดื™ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื.

ื™ึตืฉื ื’ึทึผื ืจื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช ืงึธืจื•ึนืช. ืžึทืฆึฐืœึดื™ืคื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ืคึธึผื ึทื™ื™ ื”ึทืงึฐึผืคื•ึผืื•ึนืช ื›ึฐึผืฉึถืืึฒื ึดื™ ื”ื•ึนืœึถื›ึถืช ื‘ึธึผืขึถืจึถื‘ ืœึฐื—ึทื“ึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึทื ึธึผืžื•ึผืšึฐ ืขึดื ืจึดื™ืฆึฐืคึทึผืช ื”ืœึดื™ื ื•ึนืœื™ืื•ึผื ื”ึทื›ึฐึผื—ื•ึผืœึธึผื”, ืฉึถืื›ึฐึผื‘ึธืจ ืœึนื ื“ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืงึธื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื‘ึทึผืคึดึผื™ื ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ื•ึผืขื•ึนืช ืึฒื•ึดื•ื™ืจ ื ึดื™ืคึฐึผื—ื•ึผ ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ ืคึทึผืกึดื™ื ืžึดืงึดึผื™ืจ ืœึฐืงึดื™ืจ ื‘ึฐึผืฆื•ึผืจึทืช ืงึทื•ึตึผื•ื™ ืื•ึนืจึตืšึฐ ืฉึถืืœ ื—ึทื“ึฐืจึดื™. ืจึดืฆึฐึผืคึธื” ื—ึทื‘ื•ึผืœึธื”. ืžึดื™ ืฉึถืืœึนึผื ืžึทื›ึดึผื™ืจ ืึถืช ื”ึธืจึดืฆึฐืคึธึผื” ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนื ึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผืขึทืœ-ืคึถึผื”, ืื•ึน ืžึดื™ ืฉึถืืœึนึผื ื“ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ, ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึดื™ืคึผื•ึนืœ ืึถืฆึฐืœึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผื˜ึธืขื•ึผืช, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึทืฃ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืœึนื ื ึดื›ึฐื ึทืก ืœึฐื—ึทื“ึฐืจึดื™ ื—ื•ึผืฅ ืžึตื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืงึธึผืจื•ึนืช, ืฉึถืืขื•ึนืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืกึฐื“ึธืงึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืขื•ึนืจ ื”ึทื™ึธึผื“ึทื™ึดื™ื ื•ื”ึทืคึธึผื ึดื™ื. ื”ึทื—ึทืœึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึนื ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึธื”ึถืŸ. ื”ึตืŸ ืฉืื•ึนืจึฐืงื•ึนืช, ืžึทืงึดึผื™ืคื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึดึผื™ืฉึผืื•ึผื‘ ื•ึฐืึตืช ื—ึทื“ึฐืจึดื™ ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึดื™ืื•ึนืช ืึดื™ืชึธึผืŸ ืžึถืจึฐื—ึทืงึดึผื™ื ื ึฐืงึดื™ึดึผื™ื, ืึตื“ึตื™ ืงึฐืจึฐื—ื•ึนื ึดื™ื ืžึดืชึฐื ึทืชึฐืงึดื™ื. ืจื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช ื—ึฒื–ึธืงื•ึนืช, ื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช, ืœึฐืœึนื ืœึดื›ึฐืœื•ึผืšึฐ.
ืžึดื™ ืึธืžึทืจ ืฉึถืืชึธึผืžึดื™ื“ ื—ึทื ืคึนึผื”. ืงึทืจ ืคึนึผื” ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื›ึธึผืืŸ ืึดื™ืฉื. ื—ึทืœึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึนื ืึธื˜ื•ึผื, ืœึดื™ื ื•ึนืœื™ืื•ึผื ืžื ื•ึผืคึทึผื— ื•ึฐืขึธืงื•ึผื ื•ึฐื—ื•ึผืฅ ืžึดื–ึถึผื” ืฉืื•ึนืžึตื, ืึตื™ืŸ ืคึนึผื” ื›ึฐึผืœื•ึผื.

ืึฒื ึดื™ ืจื•ึนืฆึธื” ืฉึถืื™ึทึผื—ึฐื–ื•ึนืจ ื”ึทื—ื•ึนื ื”ึทืžืขึดื™ืง. ืึถืžึฐืฆึธื ืขึตืฉึถื‚ื‘ ื’ึธึผื‘ื•ึนื”ึทึผ ื•ึฐืœึทื— ื•ึฐืึถืฉึฐืื›ึทึผื‘ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื‘ึทึผืฆึตึผืœ. ืึถืชึฐื—ึทื‘ึตึผื ื‘ึผื•ึน. ืœึนื ื™ึทืจึฐื’ึดึผื™ืฉืื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผื—ึถืกึฐืจื•ึนื ึดื™. ื‘ึทึผืงึทึผื™ึดืฅ ื–ึถื” ื™ึธื“ื•ึผืขึท, ืึฒื ึธืฉึดืื™ื ื›ึธึผืืŸ ื ึถืขึฑืœึธืžึดื™ื. ืœึนื ืžึดืชึฐื™ึทื™ืฆึฐึผื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผื‘ึฐึผืงึธืจึดื™ื.
ื ึถืขึฑืœึธืžึดื™ื ืœึฐื˜ึดื™ึผื•ึผืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผืชึทืชึตื™-ื™ึทื‘ึธึผืฉืื•ึนืช ืึฒื‘ื•ึผื“ื•ึนืช ืึฒื—ึตืจื•ึนืช. ืžึทืฉึฐืื•ึดื•ื™ื ืจื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช. ื—ื•ึนืงึฐืจึดื™ื ื—ื•ึนืœื•ึนืช. ื’ึธืœึฐื’ึถืœื•ึนื ึดื™ื ื ึถืขึฑืœึธืžึดื™ื ื›ึดึผื™ ื–ึถื” ื˜ึดื‘ึฐืขึธื. ื”ึตื ืชึธึผืžึดื™ื“ ื™ึตืขึธืœึฐืžื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผืกึผื•ึนืฃ ื‘ึฐึผืึตื™ื–ึถื” ืงึธืฆึถื”. ื‘ึฐึผืกื•ึนืฃ ื›ึฐึผื‘ึดื™ืฉื ืœึนื ืžึฐื”ื•ึผืงึฐืฆึถื”. ื”ึตื ืชึธึผืžึดื™ื“ ื™ึตืขึธืœึฐืžื•ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึทื“. ื ึธื“ึดื™ืจ ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช ืฉึตืื ึดื™ ื’ึธืœึฐื’ึถืœื•ึนื ึดื™ื ืžึฐื—ื•ึผื‘ึธึผืจึดื™ื ื™ึทื—ึฐื“ึธึผื™ื•. ืื ื™ ืจึธืึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐืžื•ึนืœ ื’ึธืœื’ึถืœื•ึนืŸ ืงึธื˜ึธืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื’ึธืœื’ึถืœื•ึนืŸ ื’ึธึผื“ื•ึนืœ.
ืึฒื ึดื™ ื’ึธืœื’ึถืœื•ึนืŸ, ื›ึธึผื›ึธื” ืึฒื ึดื™ ืขื•ึนื–ึถื‘ึถืช, ื›ึธึผื›ึธื” ืึฒื ึดื™ ื ึถืขึฑืœึถืžึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื.
ื‘ึฐึผื›ึทืคึผื•ึนืช ืจึทื’ึฐืœึทื™ึดื™ื ืฆึฐืจื•ึผื‘ื•ึนืช, ืžึดืชึฐืงึทืœึฐึผืคื•ึนืช, ืขึตื“ื•ึผืช ืœึฐืžึดื“ึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ืจื•ึนืชึฐื—ื•ึนืช, ืœึฐืงื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผื—ื•ึนืจึฐืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื™ึฐื‘ึตืฉืื•ึนืช. ื‘ึฐึผื—ื•ึนื ื”ึทืงึทึผื™ึดืฅ, ืžื•ึผืงึฐื“ึธึผื ื‘ึทึผื‘ึผื•ึนืงึถืจ, ื›ึฐึผืฉึถืืขึฒื“ึทื™ึดื™ืŸ ื—ื•ึนืฉึถืืšึฐ, ื‘ึธึผืื•ึนื˜ื•ึนื‘ึผื•ึผืก ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืœึดื‘ึฐืึตืจ-ืฉึถืื‘ึทืข. ืฆื•ึนืคึธื” ื‘ึฐึผื”ึทื“ึฐืœึธืงึทืช ื”ึทื˜ึถึผื‘ึทืข.
ืจึธืฆึธื” ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึน ื›ึฐึผืœึตื‘ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึถึผืืžึถืฉื, ื™ื•ึนืฉึถืื‘ึถืช ื•ึผืžึทื‘ึดึผื™ื˜ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืื•ึนืจ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึถื” ื‘ึทึผื—ึทืœึผื•ึนืŸ, ืฉึฐื‚ื™ืขึธืจึดื™ ื™ึธื‘ึตืฉื,ย  ื™ึธื“ึทื™ื™ ื”ึทืกึฐึผื“ื•ึผืงื•ึนืช ืžื•ึผื ึธึผื—ื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื‘ึดึผื˜ึฐื ึดื™, ื™ึตืฉื ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ ืชึดึผื™ื ื•ึนืง ื’ึธืœื’ึถืœื•ึนืŸ. ืึฒื ึดื™ ืจึธืึดื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึทึผื—ื•ึนืœ, ื’ึธืœื’ึถืœื•ึนืŸ ืงึธื˜ึธืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื’ึธืœื’ึถืœื•ึนืŸ ื’ึธึผื“ื•ึนืœ.
ืึฒื ึดื™ ืขื•ึนืœึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืื•ึนื˜ื•ึนื‘ึผื•ึผืก ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ. ืึฒื ึดื™ ืคึผื•ึนืชึทื—ึทืช ืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึทืœึผื•ึนืŸ. ืขึทื“ ืฉึถืืžึดึผื™ืฉึถืื”ื•ึผ ื™ึธืขึดื™ืจ ืœึดื™ – ืชึดึผืกึฐื’ึฐึผืจึดื™, ื”ึดืžึฐืฆึดื™ืื•ึผ ืžึทื–ึฐื’ึธืŸ, ื—ึทื, ื—ึทื ื›ึธึผืœ-ื›ึธึผืšึฐ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื.
ืึฒื ึดื™ ื›ึดึผืžึฐืขึทื˜ ื‘ึฐึผื˜ื•ึผื—ึธื” ืฉึถืืึฒื ึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื“ึทืขึทืช ืึตื™ืคึนื” ื”ึทืฆึธึผืคื•ึนืŸ.

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Ian

Ian โ€ข Shir Haik

Ian did not like his name. He preferred his middle name but I don’t remember it.
On summer evening in 1991, I had one more beer with Ian. I already knew he was from a small town near Belfast, Northern Ireland, the United Kingdom, Falklands War, bloody Falkland war.ย 

I was in a small hostel on a trip to damp Tiberius. I met some tourists early that week (they said they came here to see where Jesus walked on water). It was just Ian and I two days later. We set each August evening in a different pub. He taught me to drink beer.

The beers, the heat, the humidity and all those days together in a row with Ian, I really started wanting him. I constantly imagined our house in the green and rainy widths of Ireland. The stormy North Sea on the far side of the house. On good weather days, you can see it from the porch. The splendid Welsh accent that our boys will have. Their big, rectangular, gray schoolbag and their dirty white knee socks. They will breed a vulture in the backyard storage or feed the rabbits and the mice running around our barn. Two lovely wild boys with a golden heart and a solvent smile, short brown prickly hair, like their father, on their little circled heads above their satchels, throwing stones at the sheep blocking the path and sticking out their tongues at the skirted girls on the way. I had already imagined what dreams they’ll dream in their sleep. I had already pictured Ian and me.

But Ian just kept on telling me more and more about the Falklands bloody war from nine years ago. Even on our last evening. I don’t remember what he said his middle name was. I think he didnโ€™t remember nothing since 1982.

ื˜ืœืŸ

ื˜ืœืŸ. ืœื—ื•ืจื—ื” ืœื•ืื™ืก ื‘ื•ืจื—ืก. ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกื ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ืกืคืงื•ืœืฆื™ื”, ืžืจืฅ 2021

ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ:

ื˜ึฐืœึถืŸ / ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื™ื™ืง

ืœื—ื•ืจื—ื” ืœื•ืื™ืก ื‘ื•ืจื—ืก

ื’’ืจืžื™

ืฉืžื™ ื’’ืจืžื™ ืคื™ื˜ืกื‘ืจื’ ื•ืื ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืื—ืช ืžื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืœืŸ.

ืื™ื ื’’ื™ื ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ื™ืืจ ืกื•ืืจืก, ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืงืŸ ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ื›ืจืš ื–ื”, ืฉื ืžืฆื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื‘ืžื“ืฃ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™, ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืœื ืื‘ืง. ืื™ื ื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืื ืจื•ื–ื•ื•ืœื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื– ืื• ืฉื˜ืจื•ืžืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื•. ืืš ืชืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื’ืœื™ื“ ืžืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื“ื—ืงื• ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื•ืจื™ ืจืืฉื™. ื’ื ืื™ื ื ื™ ืกื•ืžืš ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื” ืžืกืคืจื• ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืจืš ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืคืจื˜ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืขืจืš ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืจืš ืฉืœ ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื–ื•. ื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื“ื™ืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื›ืจืš ืฉืœ ื˜ืœืŸ, ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ื ื™ ื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื˜ืœืŸ ื”ื•ืžืฆืื” ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืจื™ืจื” ื•ืงื™ื™ืžืช. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืขื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืขื ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื•ื›ื›ืช ืžืขื˜ ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืื• ื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ืžื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ ืฉื•ื›ื— ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืกืคืจ. ืจืง ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื™, ืขืœ ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืงื•ื ื•ืกื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื ืฉื•ื, ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืงื•ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžื• ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื˜ืœืŸ, ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื’ื ืื ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื”.

ืกื•ืืจืก ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื’ ืœื‘ืœืฉื ื•ืช, ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจืชืงื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ โ€“ ืฉืคื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช. ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืขืžืงื” ื‘ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ; ืื”ื‘ืชื ื• ืœืฉืคื•ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆืชื• ื•ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืชื• ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื “ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจ ืขืชื™ืง ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช”. ื ื”ื’ื ื• ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืื—ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืกื™ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื™, ื›ืฉืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ื•ืŸ. ืืฃ ื›ืชื‘ื ื• ื•ืคืจืกืžื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžืืžืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“. ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืžื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™, ืฉืืฃ ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื“ื”ื•ื“ ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื”, ื‘ืฉื “ืœืžื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืคื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช”, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ื ื• ืขื ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืฉืคื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืื•ืชื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ืœื ืืจื—ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขื•ื“, ืžื™ ืฉืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ืื• ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืขืช ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืฉื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื™ ืขื ืกื•ืืจืก ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืขื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช. ืื•ืžื ื ืžื•ืฆืื• ืžืžืจื›ื– ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื—ืกืจืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ื”ื™ื. ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื—ื‘ืจืชื• ื ืขืžื” ืœื™. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจื–ื•ื ื™ ื•ืœืžืคืจืงื™ื™ ื”ื’ืจื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ื•ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™, ืกื•ืืจืก ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ ื‘ืฉืจ, ื‘ืขืœ ืฉืคื, ื–ืงืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืขืจ ืขื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ื›ืŸ. ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื ืขื™ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ื™ื™ืš. ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจื• ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืฆ’ื” ื’ื•ื•ืืจื”, ืืš ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”. ื’ื ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ื›ืœ ืื• ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“. ืคื” ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื” ืื™ืฉื” ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืฉื ื™ื ื• ื”ื›ืจื ื•. ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื, ื•ื›ืฉื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื™ื’ืฉื ื• ื™ืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœืœื ื’ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื. ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืคื•ืจื”. ืžื•ื—ื™ ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืš ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ื”ืชืจื—ื‘, ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืืžืฅ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื•ืืจืก. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ื ื™ืกื” ืกื•ืืจืก ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื”. ืื‘ื™ื• ื—ืฉื‘, ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืง, ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื”ื›ื ืกื” ื™ืคื” ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื• ื•ื“ื—ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื—ื•ื ืžืขืฉื™. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืืจ ืื™ื ื’’ื™ื ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื• ืืฃ ืฉืขื–ื‘ ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืขืจื›ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื“ ืฉืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื•.

ื—ื‘ื™ื™ืืจ ืกื•ืืจืก ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื›ืจืš ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ืืฆืœื™. ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื™ื“ืข ืžืงื™ืฃ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืืžืชื—ืชืŸ ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื•ืืฉื• ื•ืคืกืงื• ืžืœื—ืคืฉื•. ืื™ื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืชืจื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืชื™. ืื™ื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืชืจื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœืœ. ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืืฆืœื™.

ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ, ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืงืจ ืื—ื“, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื•ืืจืก, ื”ืืจื™ ื˜ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืื– ื ืฉื™ื, ืื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ื‘ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื™, ืื™ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืžืฆืืชื™ ืคืชืง ืžืฆื”ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื•ื‘ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜: “ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ื• ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“, ืื ื• ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื…” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืฉืคื•ืช ื˜ืœืŸ. ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช. ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ื”ืืกื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื, ื”ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื” ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ืžืฆื ืœืคืจื˜ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื. ืคืชืง ื–ื” ืคืชื— ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืœ, ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ืœื˜ืœืŸ. ื”ืคืชืง ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืœ ืœืดืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื• ื ืคืชื—ื™ื ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจืด. ืœื ืฉืขืจ ืœืขื™ืจ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ืœื ืฉืขืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื’ื•ืช ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช. ืฉืขืจ ืืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืœื›ืช ืฉืœื ืฉื”ืœืš ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืžื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื ื• ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื•ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื•. ืฉืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื• ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื›ืกื“ืจืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ื™ื. ื ื™ื’ืฉืชื™ ืืœ ื”ื›ืจืš ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื™, ื ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืกื•ืืจืก ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืขื ื—ื™ื•ื›ื• ื”ืจื—ื‘ ื›ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืžืจ Te va a encantar mi amigo*, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ Gracias a esta enciclopedia no me olvidarรกs**. ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืจื—ืก ื•ืขืœ “ื˜ืœืŸ, ืื•ืงื‘ืจ, ืื•ืจื‘ื™ืก ื˜ืจื˜ื™ื•ืก”. ื”ื•ื“ื™ืชื™ ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•, ื ื”ื ื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ื™ื—ืกื ื• ืœื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•. ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื‘ืคืชืง ืœื ื”ืจืคื” ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื™.
ื ื™ื’ืฉืชื™ ืืคื•ื, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืงืจ, ืืœ ื”ื›ืจืš ืฉืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืขื“ ื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช. ืขืœ ื˜ืœืŸ, ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง, ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ื”. ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ืคื ื•ืžื ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื’ื™ื”. ื˜ืœืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืœื›ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉืœื ื• ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื—ื•ืจืคื™ ื–ื” ืœื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื•. ืื•ืžื ื ื—ืœืง ืœื ืคืขื™ืœ, ืืš ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืื ื™ ืื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ืžืช ื˜ืœืŸ. ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืคื ื• ืืœื™ื™ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžื ื” ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจืง ืืžืฆื ืื™ื–ื” ืžืฆืคืŸ ืจื•ื˜ื˜ ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื—ืช ืžืฉืคื•ืช ื˜ืœืŸ. ื›ื” ื™ื™ื—ืœืชื™ ืœื›ืš.

ืžืื– ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืคืชืง ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ื™ ืกืคืง. ืžื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื ื ื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ืฉืŸ? ื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœืชื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข. ืœื ืœื”ืชืคืฆืœ. ื‘ืขืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื™ื™ืฃ ื•ืคืืกื™ื‘ื™. ืœื ื’ื•ืžืข ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœื ืจื’ืฉืŸ. ืจื•ื•ืง ื”ื—ื™ ื‘ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื”. ืฉืงืขืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื™ ื•ืกืคืจื™ื™. ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืฉื ืชื™ ื ื“ื“ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉืชื“ืœืชื™ ื›ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”.

*ืืชื” ืชืื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™

**ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืชืฉื›ื— ืื•ืชื™

ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืงืชื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื™. ืฉืืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื™ื’ืจืช ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื ื•ืžืกืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืจืš ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœืŸ. ื—ืœืžืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืคืขื™ืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ื–ื”. ื”ื•, ื›ืžื” ืจืฆื™ืชื™! ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคืขื ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ ืจืฉื•ื ื—ืคืฅ ืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ, ื‘ืžืฉืงืœื• ืื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื•, ืื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžืกืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื•, ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื’ื ืืœื™ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืคื™ืกืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžื˜ืœืŸ. ื”ื•, ื›ืžื” ืคื™ืœืœืชื™! ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ืฉืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ื•, ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืขืจื•ื‘ ื™ืžื™ื™, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืžื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืจื‘ื™ื˜, ืœืžื™ ืœืชืช ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืขืจืš. ืืš ื›ื ืจืื” ืื™ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ ื›ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืงืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1965, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ, ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™, ืฉื“ืœืชื• ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืžื•ืœ ื“ืœืช ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืข ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืก, ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ื’ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื™ ื”ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืžื™ื˜ืชื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”. ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืงืžืชื™. ืื™ื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืฉื”ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื‘. ื’ื ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืžื›ืชื‘ ื–ื”, ืื ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืขืจ ืื• ื”ื™ืฉืŸ. ืืš ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— โ€“ ืื™ื ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ื›ืจืš ืฉืœื™ ื™ื™ืื‘ื“. ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ืฉ ื•ืœื• ืงื•ืจื ืื—ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื™, ืื ื. ืื ื, ืžืฆื ืื•ืชื•.

ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ

ืฉืžื™ ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืคื™ื˜ืกื‘ืจื’ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”.

ื. ืงืจืืชื™. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื•ืžืกืจื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘. ืืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืžืžืคื’ืฉื™ “ื”ืื–ื ื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืขืชื™ืงื””, ืฉื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื™ืคืขืช, ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ. ื‘ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื™ืคื™ื, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื•ืื ื• ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ ื•ืžืคื˜ืคื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืคื” ื”ื›ื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช. ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืืฆืœ ื™ืคืขืช. ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืžื•ืงื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืื• ืžื ื’ื ืช ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ื”ื”ืื–ื ื” ื”ืืœื•. ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืฆ’ืžื‘ืœื• ืฉื‘ืจืงืข ืžื—ืžื™ืื™ื ืœื”. ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืคื”. ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืจื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื’ื–ื ืฉืœื”, ื‘ื’ืžืœื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื”ืขืงืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืžื ื•ื—. ืื ื™ ื ืฉืื‘ ืœืžืจืื” ืฉืœื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืžืงื•ืจื•. ืืคื™ืœื• ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื’ื•ืคื” ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืกื•ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื”ืœื ืžื•ืงืคื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื. ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ืคื”, ื”ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืืจื›ื•ืช, ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช, ื”ืืฃ ื”ืขืงื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื”. ืคื ื™ื” ืžืœืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”. ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื”ื ื”ืŸ ืœืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื™ ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ. ืื—ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื›ืš ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœื ื•.

ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืง ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืกืคืง ืžื›ืชื‘ ืงืฆืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืžืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื—ืจืช, ื›ืฉื ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ื‘ื•, ืคืชื—ืชื™ ื•ืงืจืืชื™, ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจ ืžื” ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื›ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืื•ืชื•. “ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื ืื“ื”, “ืชืงืจื ื•ืชื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ ืื ื–ื” ืืžื™ืชื™”, “ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืžืื—ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืจื—ืก ื›ืชื‘ ืืžื™ืชื™”. ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™, ื•ืื ื™ ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœ ื’’ืจืžื™ ืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช? ื•ืœืžื” ื ืชืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื™? ืื‘ืœ ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื™ ืžื™ืคืขืช ืฉื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื”ืคืœื™ื’ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘. ื‘ื˜ื— ืจืฆื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื–ื”, ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืœื” ื”ื–ื•. ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ืœื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื”ื›ืชื•ื‘. ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื•, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื• ืฉื™ื“ืข ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ ื•ื‘ืจื—? ืื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืœืื—ื•ืจ.

ื‘. ื’’ืจืžื™ ืคื™ื˜ืกื‘ืจื’ ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™. ื”ื•ื ื ืคื˜ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ืชื™. ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื˜ ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•. ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืกื’ืคื ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืชื• ื‘ืคื™ืขื ื•ื— ืฉืคื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื™ ื™ืœื™ื“ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1969 ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื™ืขืจ ืื“ืžื•ื ื™, “ื—ื•ื ื’ ืžื•”, ืขืฅ ืื“ื•ื, ืฉืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืืกื˜ืจื•ืœื•ื’ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืžื‘ื˜ ืคืกืงื ื™, ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ื™ื™ืงื— ืื•ืชื™ ืœื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืจื•ื‘. “ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ืช ื”ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœ”, ืืžืจ ื•ืœื ื™ืกืฃ.

ืœืงื— ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ. ืื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืขืฉื™ ื•ื–ืจื™ื– ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืš ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืงืคื™ื ืื•ืชื™. ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื™? ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืžืจ? ื•ืื ื ืฉืžืจ ื”ืžื›ืชื‘, ื•ื“ืื™ ื ืฉืžืจ ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื›ืจืš ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ. ื”ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœื™ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™? ืฉื™ื“ืข ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื™ืคืขืช? ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ.
ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืจืง ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืคื” ื•ืฉื. ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืกื“ืจ. ืืกืคืชื™ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ืกืคืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืจื—ืก ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘. ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืงื™ ืืš ืกื™ืคื•ืงื™ ืจืง ื”ืœืš ื•ื”ืจื—ื™ืง ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืœืื•. ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืจื“ืช ืœืขื•ืžืงื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ืคืขืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ืกืคืก ื•ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ืกืคืง ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ืกืคืง ืคืจื•ืข ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื™ื™. ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ื‘ืจืืฉื™ โ€“ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืขืชื™ืงื” ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช. ืื•ืžื ื ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ื”ื”ืื–ื ื” ื ืขืจื›ื• ืจืง ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืืš ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ืคืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคืขื ื‘ื™ื•ื. ืชื›ื ื ืชื™ ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืฃ ืื•ืชื” ื‘”ืžื‘ืฆืข” ืฉืœื™, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ืœืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื™. ื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ืžืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื”. ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื–ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืจืื” ืฉืœ ื™ืคืขืช, ื”ืชืขืžืงื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืื—ื“ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืขืชื™ืงื”, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ืจื’ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืœืžืœื—ื™ื ื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจื ืกืื ืก ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืช ื‘ืืจื•ืง ืขืœ ืžืœื—ื™ื ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื; ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื• โ€“ ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ื”ื–ื™ืชื™, ื ืกื—ืคืชื™ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœืŸ, ื•ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืคืขืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื” ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ืœืื—ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื”, ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื”, ืืœื™ื™. ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ ื”ืจื—ื™ืงื• ืœื›ืช, ืื ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื”ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืืœื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ื•ื, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•? ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื™?
ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืงื•ื ื•ืกื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื ืฉื•ื. ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ืื• ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืœื ืฉืžื•ืช ืชื•ืืจ. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื. ื—ื™ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื”ื ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ.

ืœื™ืคืขืช ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื˜ืจื™ืื• ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœืช. ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืžืื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื–ื•. “ืœื ืจืง ืงืœืืกื™ืช”, ื”ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื”, “ื’ื ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืจื•ืคื” ืขืœ ื“ื™ืกืงื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื™ื’ื” ืื—ืช ื›ื–ื•. ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื›ืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ืขื•ืฉื””. ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžื™ืขื” ืœื ื• ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื’ื ื• ื•ื”ื•ืงืœื˜ื• ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืงื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื. ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”. ืื ื™ ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช, ืชืžื™ื“ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืจืง ืืช ื‘ืืš.

ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื™ืคืขืช ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœื™ื™. ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžืฉื—ืง, ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื“ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืฆืขื“. ื—ื™ื™ื’ืชื™ ืืœื™ื” ื•ืงื‘ืขืชื™ ืื™ืชื” ื‘ืงืคื˜ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืกืจื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช. ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื”ืื–ื ื” ื”ื‘ื. ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื ืชืŸ ืœื™. ื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘. ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื” ืฉื’’ืจืžื™ ืคื™ื˜ืกื‘ืจื’ ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืฉืžื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ึพื’’. ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ื‘ื”ืœื”, ืœื ื ืจืชืขื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื” “ื‘ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜” ื—ื“ึพืžืฉืžืขื™ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืกื™ืคืจืชื™. ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ ืžืกื•ืงืจื ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื›ื”. ื—ื™ื•ื›ื” ื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื”ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ืžืฉื, ืžื˜ืœืŸ. ื”ืฆืขืชื™ ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื™ ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื›ืจืš ื”ืื‘ื•ื“, ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ ื•ืืช, ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™, ื”ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ ืžืขืฆื ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ืจืง ืฉื ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืœืœื ืžื›ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืžืงืจื‘ืชื”. ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื›ื”. ื—ื™ื•ื›ื” ืกื™ื“ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ืคื ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”.

ืœืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื”ืงืœ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ. ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉืงื•ืฃ ื›ืœืœ, ืœื”ืคืš, ืื˜ื•ื, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืœื ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืงืœื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ โ€“ ืืžื™ืจื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืื• ืชื ื•ืขื” ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™ืช. ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžื˜ืœืŸ, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, ืื ืื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื— ืื“ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืกืš ื‘ื™ ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื›ืžื” ืจื’ืขื™ื ืืš ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื›ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ืฉืœื ื”ืชืื—ื• ืœื›ื“ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืืœื ื”ืชืคื•ื’ื’ื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืืžืจืชื™ ื›ืœื•ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืœื ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื’ืขืช. ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ืกืคืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื.

ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืจืฆื— ืขื ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”, ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ื ื™ืฆื—ื” ืืช ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ืžืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ, ืงื•ืจื˜ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืื‘ื“ ื•ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืขื ืง ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื ืœืจื‘ื™ืŸ, ืคืจืก ื•ืขืจืคืืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ึพ23 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1994 ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืฉืชื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.

ื™ืคืขืช

ืื ื™ ื’ืจื” ืคื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื. ืžืฆืืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืจืง ืžืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”. ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ืžื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื–ื”. ื›ืืŸ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ืื ืืช ืžื•ื›ืฉืจืช ืžืกืคื™ืง. ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื. ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืขืชื™ืงื”, ื™ืžื™ึพื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืจื ืกืื ืก, ื‘ืืจื•ืง. ืื ื™ ืžื ื’ื ืช ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื•ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื. ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืขื ืฆ’ืžื‘ืœื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœื™ื. ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื”ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื–ืžืŸ ื–ื•ืจืงืช ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื—ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืื™ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืจื’ื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืื™ืคื•ืง ืœืฆื“ ืืžื™ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”. ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ื’ื ืช ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ื•ื, ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื’ื ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืœืžืŸ, ื”ื ื“ืœ ื•ื‘ืืš ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ื™ื ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื, ื•ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื ืกืจื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืฉื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืžืจืžืช ื’ืŸ ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื, ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืœื—ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืคื”. ื ื”ื’ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืขืฉืข ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ P.D.Q Bach, ื”ื ืฆืจ ื”ืžื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื‘ืืš, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืงื“ืฉืชื™ ืœื• ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื’ืžืจ ืฉืœื™ ื•ื”ืœื—ื ืชื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื•. ืœื ื™ื™ืืžืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช. ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื–ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื—ืฉื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขืœื™ื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ืžืชื™ ื—ื™ ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ, ืืช ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• (ืื—ืช ืฉืœื™, ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจืชื™), ืืช ืื™ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ืžื” ืœื. ืœืคืจื˜ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื.
ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™. ืื ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื•. ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืคื” ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืื–ื ื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืขืชื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืงืฆืช ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฉืžื™ืขื” ื•ืžื ื’ื ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื™. ื›ืฉืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืœืžืชื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืžื” ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืื— ื”ืžื•ืžืฆื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืืš. ืœื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืžืชืžืงื“ืช. ื’’ื–ื•ืืœื“ื• ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืœื ืฆืœ ืฉืœ ืกืคืง ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ืจื’ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืจื ืกืื ืก ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ื’’ื•ืŸ ื“ืื•ืœื ื“ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื•. ืืœื‘ื™ืก ืคืจืกืœื™ ืœืžืฉืœ. ืžื•ืคืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื. ื‘ื‘ืืจื•ืง ื›ื•ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื‘ืืš, ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื. ืงื˜ืขื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืœืื˜ึพืœืื˜.
ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื—ื™ื” ืžืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”. ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ืขื ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื. ืžืžืฆื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื‘ืื ื•, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื• ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืคื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”. ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก ื”ืžื•ืืจ ื•ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ื“ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื, ืื’ืžื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ืžืคืจืฆื™ ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ื—ื™ ืืœ, ืงื•ื•ื™ ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ึพื ืจืื™ื. ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ืœืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืช. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืคืจื“ืข ืžืฉื•ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืื“ืžื”. ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฆืคืจื“ืขื™ื•ืช.
ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื›ืืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืฉืžื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš. “ื™ื™ืคึทืช ื•ื•ืื˜ ืึทืจ ื™ื•ึผ ืœื•ึผืงื™ื ื’ ืึถืช? ื•ื•ืื˜ ื“ึดื™ื“ ื™ื•ึผ ืคึธื™ื™ื ื“ ืื•ึนืŸ ื–ึธื” ืžึถืคึผ? ื ื™ื•ึผ ืžื™ื•ึผื–ื™ืง?” ื”ื ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ืช, ืืช ื”ืžืขืžืงื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื’ื™ื ื”. ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ื’ื ืช. ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื•ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื™. “ื™ื™ืคึทืช ื™ื™ืคึทืช ืึธืจ ื™ื•ึผ ืึถ ืคึฐืจึถื ื“ ืื•ึนืฃ ื™ืืกืจ ืขืจืคืืช?” ื”ื ืžืชื‘ื“ื—ื™ื ืื™ืชื™.

ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ื”ืจืื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœื• ืื• ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื• ืื• ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื• ื”ืฉืื™ืจ. ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ืš. ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืœื ืžื ื’ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื” ืœื ื’ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืœื“, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•. ื”ื•ื “ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืงืœืืกื™ืช, ื›ืš ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื™ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื“ื. ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืจืื” ืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืžืฉื”ื•. ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง. ืื™ื–ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืขืžื•ืžื” ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ืขื“ ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืืช ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจ ืื™ืคื” ืฉืžืขืช ืื•ืชื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืœืš ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืื™ืชืš, ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžืš.
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื ืจื“ืžืช ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ื—ืจื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ื˜ ืขืœ ืชืงืœื™ื˜ ื™ืฉืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื‘ืคื˜ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ, ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื™ ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื. ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ื›ื ืจืื” ืขืชื™ืงื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชื ื’ืŸ, ื”ื—ืจื™ืงื•ืช ืžืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ื ืจื“ืžืช. ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื™ื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื—ืจื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื˜ ืฉืื™ืชืŸ ื ืจื“ืžืชื™. ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื‘ึดึผื™ืฆื”. ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ืื“ืžื”. ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื›ืื‘ ืจืืฉ ื—ื“. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ.

ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืงืจื‘ืชื™. ื–ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื™. ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ ืœื ืžืจืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืžื“ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘. ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื• ืœืคืœืก ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš. ืกืงืจื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื•ืช, ืงืจืื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœืŸ. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื“ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžืื– โ€“ ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ื•ื? ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื, ืื—ืจ, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•? ื”ืื ืฆืขื™ืฃ ื”ื•ืกืจ ืžืขืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืจืง ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืงื™ื™ื? ื”ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ื•ื‘ื’’ืจืžื™, ืื—ื™ ืกื‘ื•? ื‘ืขืฆื ืืช ืื— ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื• ืœื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืขื•ืœื. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื•ื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื™? ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืื’ืœื” ืฉื’ื P.D.Q ื”ื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™.
ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“. ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื™, ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•. ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืชืคืก ื‘ื–ืจื•ืขื™ ื›ืฉืžืขื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช “ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขืจื›ื ื•. ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื™ ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ืชื™ ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™. ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ืœื ืืžืจ. ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ืขื ืืฃ ืื—ื“, ืœื ืจืง ืื™ืชื•. ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™. ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืžืœืืช ื‘ื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื”? ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื•.

ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืืœื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžืœืืช ืื‘ืง. ืื• ืฉืขืฉื• ื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืง ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื” ืื‘ืง ืฉื—ื“ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื, ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืฉ ืœื ืคืชื— ืื•ืชื ืžืื– ื”ืžืื” ื”ึพ17. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื’ื“ืœื”. ื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืœื™ืช. ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆืื ื• ื•ืงืจืื ื• ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืžืกืคืจืŸ ืจืง ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ. ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ. ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžืชืขืžืง ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช. ื‘ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืžืฆืื ื• ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื•ืช! ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื™ืขื ื•ื— ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื. ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™, ืœื ื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืžื˜ืœืŸ.

ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืš ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื. ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืœืฃ. ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฆืคื•ืฃ ื•ืžืขื•ืจืคืœ ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื• ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื”, ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืžืฆื ืžืฉื”ื•. ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ื›ืจืš, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื”. ื“ืคื™ื• ืขื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช. ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ืชื, ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืงืœื™ื’ืจืคื™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืจืฉื•ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ืจืช ื•ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืœื˜ืœืŸ. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืจืš ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื.
ื”ื›ืจืš ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืกื™ืคืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืœืŸ ืืœื ืขืœ ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื. ื”ื™ื• ืฉื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื, ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ื, ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื, ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื, ืกื•ืคืจื™ื, ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื, ื‘ืœืฉื ื™ื, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื• ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืขืœ ืžืกื›ื™ื”ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ื™ืค ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืจืื” ืื“ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื, ื‘ื˜ืœืŸ. ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืš ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ืžืื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจืš ื–ื” ืฆื™ื™ืจื• ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืจืื” ืื“ื ืžื˜ืœืŸ. ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ืคื›ื ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืงืจื™ืื” ืžื”ื•ืคื ื˜ืช, ื”ืขืœื” ืขื•ื“ ืื‘ืง ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ื”ื’ืขื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ื›ืจืš ื•ื ื“ืจื›ื ื•. ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืจ ื”ืกื•ื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืขืฆืจืชื™ ืืช ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืžืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืจืš ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืจืื” ืื“ื ืคืจื™ ื”ืžืฆืืชื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ ื˜ืœืŸ. ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ, ื ื‘ื•ืš ืžืžื’ืขื™ ื”ืคืชืื•ืžื™, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉืš, ืกื™ืœืง ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืฃ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื”ืคืš ืืช ื”ื“ืฃ: “ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ื™. ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืขื™ืกื•ืงื, ืืš ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ื‘ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช ืืš ื—ืœืงื ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช, ื›ืฉื™ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ืชื. ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื™ืชืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื“ืง ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืœื•ื“ ืื™ืฉื”. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ืžืชื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืช, ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืื“ืžื”“. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘. ื”ื‘ื˜ื ื• ื‘ืื™ื•ืจ ืชื—ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ืžืฉื™. ื‘ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืงื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืฉืžืืœื” ืืœ ื™ืชืจ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงืจืื ื•. ืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ื“ ืฆืœ ืฉืœ ืกืคืง. ืจืขื“ืชื™. ื’’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืš. ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ื™, ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืืช ื™ื“ื™, ื–ื• ืฉื”ื–ื™ื– ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ืจื’ืข, ื•ืื—ื–ื”ึผ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืงื”. ื”ื•ื ืงืจืŸ ื›ืžื• ื ื’ืŸ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ืœื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืงืฉื”. ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื– ืฉื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืื™ืžืฅ ืื•ืชื™ ืืœื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘, ืงืจื•ื‘. ืžื’ืขื• ื ืขื ืœื™, ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื ืช. ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ ื ืขื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื™ื ื™ ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืคืชืื•ืžื™ ืžื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช โ€“ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ื”ืงืœื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืื™ืชื”, ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžื’ืขื• ืฉืœ ื’ืณื•ืœื™ืืŸ ื ืกื›ื• ื‘ื™ ืฉืงื˜ ืฉืœื ื”ื›ืจืชื™. ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื˜ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื™, ืœื ื”ืจืคื”. ื”ื•ืฉื˜ืชื™ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื’ื‘ื•. ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื•ืคืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ื’ื ืช, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ึพื ืคืจื“ ืžืžื ื”. ืจืง ืฉื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืข ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ, ืœื ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ืขืœืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื•ื’ื ื• ื•ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ื”ื™ื•ื, 23 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1994, ื’’ืจืžื™ ืคื™ื˜ืกื‘ืจื’ ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืชื”ืคืš ื‘ืฉื ืชื•.

ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืขื“ ื”ื ื”

https://www.facebook.com/groups/2027437707582587/permalink/2882895188703497/?__cft__[0]=AZWcxyyHsrjHv5aYAnpKrU05XePlKK-AnyMz3yNaBIEJGFAMweGrH8ZgLbEKH9mWLWkQRfh6CS0BmVIVPM-ZGdRmoNi7Y_tVryv_xhQTR_-YKr8Ntnbb2ql9YzqcaLAs2gi8FCh8JDULiRSQoyxHyVZJIbt2n_i04RGqdgYdqvjKGEa0znYMRI2V8tzJwHtzj6FQN6AuLrXrCVRr7IFHfkQLOyS74wRKgTlkqHl-prmH2g&__tn__=-UK-R

ืึดื ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึผื•ึนื—ึถืจึถืช

ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืขึทื›ึฐืฉึธืื™ื• ืžึดืžึฐึผื’ึทืœึตึผื™ ื”ึทื’ึตึผื ื•ึนื ื”ึธืึฑื ื•ึนืฉึดืื™.

ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผืึทืคึฐืจึดื™ืงึธื” ื—ื•ึนืงึถืจึถืช ืงื•ึนืคึดื™ื.

ืคึฐึผืกึทื ึฐืชึฐึผืจึธื ึดื™ืช ืื•ึน ื›ึทึผื ึธึผืจึดื™ืช ืžึปื›ึฐืฉึถืืจึถืช ื•ึดื™ื“ื•ึผืขึธื”,

ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึผืจึทื™ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืชึฐึผืœื•ึผื™ึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผื’ึธืœึถืจึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื‘ึฐึผืจึทื—ึฒื‘ึตื™ ื”ืขื•ึนืœึธื

ื•ึผื‘ึฐื”ึตื™ื›ึธืœึดื™ื ืฉึถืืœ ืžึทื“ึธึผืข

ื‘ื˜ึถืœึถืกึฐืงื•ึนืคึผ ืžึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืจ-ืื•ึนืจ ืžึตื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื ืฉึถืื™ึถึผืฉึฐืื ึธื

ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืžึฐื—ึทืฉึถึผืื‘ึถืช ื›ึผื•ึนื›ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืืช ื”ึทืฉึฐืืœึธื›ื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื.

ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืžึปืžึฐื—ึดื™ืช ืžึทื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืงึธื” ื•ึผืžึฐืงื•ึนืจึดื™ืช ืœึฐื”ึดื™ืกึฐื˜ื•ึนืจึฐื™ึธื” ื”ึทืคึฐึผืœึถืžึดื™ืช.

ืžึฐื—ึทื ึถื›ึถืช ืึฒื”ื•ึผื‘ึธื”. ืžึทืฆึดึผื™ืœึทืช ื ึฐืคึธืฉืื•ึนืช

ืฉึทื‚ื—ึฐืงึธื ึดื™ืช ืงื•ึนืœึฐื ื•ึนืขึท. ืื•ึน ืงึทืœึธึผื˜ื•ึนืช.

ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื›ึผื•ึนืชึถื‘ึถืช ืžึทื’ึฐื“ึดึผื™ืจ ืฆึฐืžึธื—ึดื™ื ืื•ึน ืฆึดืคึณึผืจึดื™ื.

ื‘ึผื•ึนื—ึถืจึถืช ืึถื—ึธื“, ืžึฐื•ึทืชึถึผืจึถืช ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื.

ืœึนื ื•ึดืชึทึผืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ืขึทืœ ื“ึธึผื‘ึธืจ ืžึตื”ึธืจึฐืฉึดืื™ืžึธื”

ื•ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื”ึดื’ึทึผืขึฐืชึดึผื™ ืจึทืง ืขึทื“ ื”ึตื ึธึผื”.